If you find that the models, specifications and quantities are not the same, you should check them carefully again to further deepen your understanding, improve your understanding of the design drawings, and find the errors in the drawings and tables in time Wrong.
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3、 When you look at a drawing, you must understand the relationship between each drawing
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Whether the axis is in the center or out of the center on the wall, which floor is in the center and which floor is out of the center, must be made clear, so as not to cause the axis error, so as to avoid mistaking all the axes as the center line
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This is the basic basis and standard of the project
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6、 Compared with a complete construction drawing, the chart includes not only various drawings, but also various tables
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It can only be determined by checking the detail drawing
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Construction drawings are the basis for building houses and “the language of Engineering”
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First, read the design instructions carefully to understand the general situation, location, elevation, material requirements, quality standards, construction precautions and some special technical requirements of the building, so as to form a preliminary impression in mind; 2
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Look at the elevation to understand the building’s orientation, the change of the number and height of floors, as well as the requirements of doors and windows and exterior decoration; 4
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② The table of doors and windows shows the models, height and width (or opening size) of all the doors and windows required by a building, as well as the required quantity of various types of doors and windows
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Look at the section to roughly understand the elevation change and indoor situation of each part of the section; 5
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As the saying goes: “no rules, no square”
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These tables specifically summarize the practice, size, specification and model of each sub project, which are an integral part of the construction drawing
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2、 Remember the size of the content, although a wide range of construction projects, but are through the size of each part of the change and a variety of different shapes and effects
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It is generally carried out in the following order: 1
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1、 After getting a drawing step by step, there should be a master and a slave in what to see first and then
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In general, we should grasp the following aspects
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The door has an opening direction in the plan, but the window has no opening direction
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④ Steel bar list in various reinforced concrete beams, columns, slabs, foundations and other structures, the type, diameter, specification, size, shape, number and weight of steel bars required
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Generally speaking, the main relations between drawings are as follows: the axis is the datum, and the numbers should match each other; the elevation should be intersected, and the height should be equal; the location of the section should be shown in the detailed drawing index; if the standard drawing is used, the lead out line should be indicated; the requirements and practices should be indicated quickly; civil engineering and installation should clear holes, ditches and grooves; materials and standards should be checked in the relevant drawings; architecture and structure should be compared before and after
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If they are completely consistent, it can prove that there are no errors in the drawings and understanding
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For example, because of the special requirements for acoustics, there are different treatment methods and technical requirements for ceiling and wall in cinemas
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Therefore, when you are familiar with each woodworking construction drawing, you must understand the characteristics and requirements of the project, including the following aspects: ① foundation treatment scheme and required technical standards; ② treatment requirements for special parts; ③ quality standards for materials or technical requirements for special materials; ④ parts that need attention or are prone to problems; ⑤ new technology, new structure, new construction technology The key points of the project are as follows: the special construction technology of new materials; some technical indexes and special requirements proposed in the design; the key parts in the structure; only by understanding the characteristics of an engineering project can we better understand the design drawings and ensure the special needs of the project
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If there is no compass, the orientation on the general plan and general description shall prevail
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If there is a compass on the drawing, the compass shall prevail
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4、 Grasp the key when looking at the construction drawing, as we must grasp the key in each drawing, only by grasping the key, can we grasp the key and make fewer mistakes
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For example, in the acid treatment workshop, different treatment methods are required for the acid resistance of walls and floors; in the precision instrument workshop, different dust-proof, constant temperature and humidity requirements are required for doors, windows and walls
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5、 Understand the characteristics of industrial buildings to meet the requirements of various production processes, there are different characteristics in the design and construction
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In general, the plan of buildings should conform to the law of up north down south, left West right east
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Therefore, there is a close relationship between the drawings of a construction drawing
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In addition, according to the index symbols in the plan, elevation, section, etc., we must read the detail drawings or node drawings in detail, so as to combine the thickness with the size
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Some also need to master the indoor openings, inner door elevation, floor practices, roof insulation and waterproof practices through the profile
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For example, “the door is opened from the inside to the outside, the axis is center to center, the direction is southeast to northwest, and the wall is a few bricks thick.”
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Generally speaking, we should keep in mind the following dimensions: the depth of the Bay should be kept in mind, and the length and width should not be forgotten; the vertical and horizontal axis should be kept in mind, and the total height of the story is very important; the structural dimension should be kept in mind, and the component model should be correct; the foundation size is the key, and the structural strength should not be less; the beam column section should be firmly recorded, and the door and window openings should be well reserved
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① Indoor and outdoor practice table mainly describes the specific methods of indoor and outdoor parts, such as how to do outdoor plinth, how to do the floor of a room, etc
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Only step by step, can we understand the design intention and the design drawings, that is to say, we should generally “read the instructions first and then the drawings; the best order is plane, vertical and sectional; check the node and detail; read the building structure in comparison”, so as to get twice the result with half the effort
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The orientation of the house must be made clear
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Because a drawing can not express the specific size, practice and requirements of each part of a project in detail
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In addition to more contact with the drawings of this type of work, sometimes it is necessary to read the drawings in combination with the whole engineering drawings, so as to cooperate with each other and make no mistakes
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Civil buildings have different features due to different functions
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Finally, look at the structural drawing In order to understand the relationship between architectural drawings and structural drawings such as plan, elevation, section, etc., and deepen the understanding of the whole project; 6
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The common tables in construction drawings are as follows
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Today, I’ll give you some basic map reading methods
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③ According to the number and name of beams, columns and slabs required by the project, the specification, size, model and quantity of various components are listed in the component list
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When looking at the drawing, we must take the axis number and position in the plan as the benchmark, so as to “have the drawing in hand, the axis in mind, thousands of heads and thousands of threads, and never go offline everywhere”
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For example, which wall is one brick thick and which wall is half brick thick, we must not make a mistake
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① In the plan, the key is that there are some common mistakes in the construction
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The practices and requirements of these different parts are a complete panorama of the building
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Many drawings must be used to express the practices and requirements of a certain part from different aspects
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Then, look at the plan to understand the plane shape, bay, depth, column network size of the house, and the installation of various rooms Row and traffic layout, as well as the location of doors and windows, form a plane concept for the building to lay a good foundation for looking at the elevation and section; 3
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If there are no specific dimensions such as length, width, height and diameter on the drawing, the construction personnel can’t carry out the construction according to the drawing
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When looking at the construction drawings, it’s better to check the various data you understand when looking at the drawings with the data in the relevant tables
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Therefore, we must learn the method of map recognition to get twice the result with half the effort
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Therefore, to make clear the relationship between the drawings is an important part of looking at the drawings and a basic measure to find problems and reduce or avoid errors
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We should also carefully check the wall thickness of each axis and each part
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③ In the section, we should master the floor elevation and roof elevation
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④ In the structural drawing, we should master the design requirements, specific size, location, mutual connection relationship and materials of foundation, wall, beam, column, slab and roof system
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They specify what kind of building to build, and specify the shape, size, practice and technical requirements
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② In the elevation drawing, we must master the elevation size of the door and window openings, so that errors will not occur when erecting the height pole and reserving the windowsill
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