Hard landscape is relative to soft landscape
. 
Soft landscape is usually natural, generally refers to plants, water, sunlight, etc.; hard landscape is usually man-made, generally refers to paving, walls, railings, landscape construction, etc
. 
The construction standards of several types of hard landscape are introduced below
. 
The construction requirements for the edging of a flower pool are the lowest, and the stone materials require the edging of this kind of flower pool
. 
Firstly, the specification and color of the stone materials should meet the design requirements, and the stone materials should be cut according to the given radius and angle, and the thickness of the stone materials should be controlled consistently
. 
02 the construction process requires testing according to size, adjusting the correct location before the formal installation, adjusting the thickness of the parts which are not uniform, and adjusting the thickness according to the required thickness
.
03 quality requirements: (1) the interface is tight and the arc is smooth; (2) the stone specifications are consistent, and the height difference between adjacent stones is less than 2mm; (3) the height difference between adjacent stones and the ground is controlled according to the design requirements
.
Material requirements: (1) the specifications and dimensions meet the requirements of landscape design; (2) the arc part is processed according to radius and turning angle
.
02
.
Process requirements (1) construction shall be carried out according to the specifications after material acceptance; (2) trial assembly and typesetting shall be carried out before formal installation to ensure tight joints and smooth arc
.
03 quality requirements (1) the specifications and dimensions meet the requirements of landscape design; (2) the arc part is processed according to radius and turning angle; small edges and corners are not allowed; the overall unity of construction quality is ensured; (3) the size error of joint is less than 1 mm; (4) the height error between two adjacent materials is less than 1 mm
.
Common construction problems and preventive measures 01
.
The treatment intensity of settlement fracture base is not enough, so the supervision of base construction should be strengthened to ensure the quality of base construction
.
02
.
The gap size is not consistent, the material processing does not meet the requirements or the construction does not meet the requirements
.
The acceptance control of materials shall be strengthened, and the unqualified materials shall be rejected; before construction, the setting out and trial installation shall be conducted according to the size, and the defective materials shall be repaired before installation
.
03
.
The arc is not smooth
.
Try to adjust it before installation to ensure smooth arc
.
(II) construction requirements for water drop landscape: the number, specification, positioning and thickness of protective layer of reinforcement shall meet the design and specification requirements; the lap (Anchorage) length and lap (Anchorage) position of reinforcement shall meet the design and specification requirements; the number and spacing of cushion blocks of reinforcement shall meet the design requirements
.
02 the structural thickness of waterproof concrete shall meet the design requirements, and the support system of formwork shall be stable; the formwork tie rod passing through the waterproof layer shall use water stop screw, and the size and position of water stop ring shall meet the design and specification requirements
.
03 the mix proportion of raw materials and slump of waterproof concrete must meet the design requirements; it shall be poured in place at one time without leaving any construction joints; it shall be vibrated and compacted, and the embedded pipeline shall be free of displacement and damage; the top elevation of waterproof layer shall be consistent
.
After the acceptance of concrete apparent quality, the water maintenance test shall be organized, and the water maintenance time shall not be less than 48 hours
.
During the water maintenance test, a special person shall be assigned to observe the decline of the horizontal plane regularly, and determine whether the leakage of the waterproof layer meets the requirements in combination with the temperature and wind speed at that time (when the temperature is 25 ℃, the horizontal plane drops by 8mm)
.
Waterproof requirements 01
.
The dust and sundries on the surface of the base course coated with waterproof layer must be cleaned
.
For the residual mortar hard block and protruding part on the surface, it shall be leveled, swept and polished
.
The internal and external corners shall be plastered into arc or obtuse angle
.
02 the surface of the base course coated with waterproof layer shall be kept dry, flat and firm, and free from hollowing, cracking, sanding and other defects
.
03 the connection parts of floor drain, pipe root, water outlet and other equipment at the connection of leveling layer shall be smooth
.
The slope meets the design requirements, and the components must be firmly installed and tightly sealed
.
Common problems and preventive measures of waterscape construction 01 settlement fracture base and structure treatment strength is not enough
.
We should strengthen the supervision of grass-roots construction to ensure the quality of grass-roots construction
.
02
.
The outlet water is uneven, and the pavement flatness can not meet the requirements
.
The quality control of pavement should be strengthened, and the error of water outlet should be controlled within 1 mm to ensure the uniformity of water outlet
.
03
.
The water curtain on the wall is not coordinated, the stone surface processing is not smooth (the depth of the groove on the staggered surface is not consistent), and the pavement joint treatment is not smooth
.
The quality control of materials entering the site should be strengthened, the unqualified materials should not be used, and the pavement quality control should be strengthened
.
04
.
Due to the leakage of the pool, the foundation treatment strength is not enough, the structural quality is defective, and the waterproof is not in place
.
The quality control of structure construction should be strengthened
.
During waterproof construction, the surface of concrete structure should be firm and flat, and there should be no defects such as exposed reinforcement and honeycomb
.
The quality and technical performance of various materials used for waterproof must meet the design requirements and construction specifications, and there must be operation instructions and quality certification documents
.
Waterproof coating must be smooth, uniform, without peeling, shelling, cracks, blisters and other defects
.
05
.
The surface of stone is alkali free, and the back and side of granite (marble) are treated with alkali proof treatment, and the special adhesive for stone is used when pasting
.
The gaps on the stone surface are sealed with silica gel of the same color
.
Three waterscape revetment construction requirements 01: the selection of stone is exposed to the surface of the mountain for a long time, the weathered layer has natural patterns, and the side has natural water patterns
.
This kind of mountain stone in the revetment with “folding band Cun” technique will appear very natural
.
Because the water line of the stone is parallel to the horizontal line, it makes people feel that the stone seems to grow naturally by the river, with a trace of water erosion
.
02
.
It is required to consider the height of the horizontal plane during the construction of the stone revetment
.
Generally, the water level should exceed the bottom line of rock revetment by about 500px, even if the water level drops a little, it will not expose the pool wall
.
The revetment should be high and low in order to achieve more beautiful effect
.
Sometimes it is necessary to put some stones in the water to make the rocks live because of the water and make the stone revetment more lively
.
The shape, texture and color of the revetment should also be considered
.
The shapes of mountains include rocky, mountain range, platform, Ting Bu, mountain depression, mountain stream, mountain gully, mountain peak, mountain range, water drop, waterfall and so on
.
These strange shapes are the nature’s creation
.
We should integrate these landscape essence into artificial space, making it the material needed for landscaping and fully displaying the charm of natural landscape
.
4
.
Construction requirements of natural rock retaining wall 01
.
Check the certificate and re inspection report of cement and other raw materials; check the apparent quality and size of natural rock
.
The stone should not be too small, too big or too round
.
The diameter of the exposed surface of the stone should be between 300 mm and 600 mm
.
The cement mortar and other cross pollutants on the rock surface of retaining wall 02 should be removed at any time during the construction
.
03 the drainage of the retaining wall foundation should be smooth to prevent the instability of the retaining wall due to the high moisture content of the foundation soil during or after the construction
.
04 in the earthwork backfill, the masonry strength should be ensured to meet the requirements, and the backfill height should be controlled to prevent the collapse of retaining wall caused by excessive lateral pressure
.
When the masonry strength does not meet the design requirements, the inner side of the retaining wall shall not be piled up or passed through large vehicles or machinery
.
“Jiangsu Province landscape engineering construction provincial construction method compilation”, involving sponge City, roof greening, three-dimensional greening, pervious pavement and other landscape greening new technology, many construction method cases compiled into a volume, is the magic weapon of landscape enterprise greening construction, is discount! Click the bottom left corner for details“
.
