The five common injuries in construction are: falling from height, collapse, object strike, electric shock and mechanical injury
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Among them, collapse accident is one of the most common accidents with the largest number of casualties in construction
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According to statistics, in 2019, there were 9 accidents of earthwork and foundation pit collapse, accounting for 39.13% of the total accidents; There were 3 building reconstruction, maintenance, demolition and collapse accidents, accounting for 13.04% of the total; There was one collapse accident of formwork support system, accounting for 4.35% of the total
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Next, let’s make an inventory of the major collapse accidents occurred in the construction: 01 “11 · 24” cooling tower construction platform collapse of Jiangxi Fengcheng power plant is particularly serious accident
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On November 24, 2016, the cooling tower construction platform collapse of Jiangxi Fengcheng Power Plant Phase III expansion project is particularly serious accident, causing 73 deaths, 2 injuries, and direct economic loss of 101.972 million yuan
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According to the investigation, the direct cause of the accident is that the construction unit illegally removed the 50th section formwork when the concrete strength of the 50th section wall of No.7 cooling tower was insufficient, resulting in the 50th section wall concrete losing the formwork support and not enough to bear the upper load, which started to collapse from the weakest part of the bottom, resulting in the continuous collapse of the 50th section wall concrete and the formwork system
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The impact of falling objects on the attached cables of the flat bridge connected with the inner side of the tube wall leads to the collapse of the flat bridge
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02 “5.16” collapse major production safety accident in Changning District of Shanghai at more than 11 am on May 16, 2019, a factory building under reconstruction at 148 Zhaohua Road, Changning District, Shanghai collapsed, causing 25 people trapped, including 10 dead and 15 injured
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According to the investigation, the bearing capacity of the bearing brick wall (column) on the first floor of a factory building at 148 Zhaohua road is insufficient, and no measures are taken to maintain the stability of the wall during the construction
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The bearing capacity and stability of the bearing wall on the south side are further reduced during the reconstruction construction
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After the bearing brick wall (column) is unstable during the construction, part of the factory building structure collapses and the living area is located in the construction area, Leading to mass casualties
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03 “3.7” major collapse accident of Xinjia hotel in Quanzhou City, Fujian Province at 19:14 on March 7, 2020, the building of Xinjia hotel in Licheng District, Quanzhou City, Fujian Province collapsed, causing 29 deaths, 42 injuries and direct economic loss of 57.94 million yuan
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According to the investigation, the direct cause of the accident is that the accident unit reconstructed the Xinjia hotel building from the original four storey illegal sandwich to seven storey, which reached the ultimate bearing capacity and was in the critical state of collapse
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In addition, the steel column instability damage was caused by the illegal reinforcement and welding of the bottom supporting steel column before the accident, which led to the overall collapse of the building
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04 “8.29” major collapse accident of Juxian hotel in Linfen, Shanxi Province at about 9:40 on August 29, 2020, Juxian hotel in Chenzhuang village, Taosi Township, Xiangfen County, Linfen City, Shanxi Province collapsed, causing 29 deaths, 28 injuries and direct economic loss of 11.6435 million yuan
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According to the investigation, the cause of the accident is the poor integrity of the building structure of Juxian hotel
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After several times of construction, the bearing brick column in the northeast corner of the banquet hall has been in a high stress state for a long time; The precast slabs on the second floor of the north building have been in the state of overload for a long time
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Under the continuous pressure of the water slag insulation layer of the upper blast furnace, brittle fracture occurs, which forms a violent impact on the roof of the banquet hall, leading to the collapse of the load-bearing brick column in the northeast corner, and finally the collapse of the South half of the second floor of the North Building and the whole banquet hall
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Painful accidents, fresh lives! Behind every safety accident is the destruction of countless families
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Every lesson of blood is a warning to the blood of safety responsibility
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Safety is an urgent issue
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Once an accident occurs, its impact and consequences will be unbearable
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Therefore, in the construction process, how to prevent the collapse accident is very important
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Next, we summarize the preventive measures for collapse accidents
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Collapse accident prevention measures: 1
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The materials on the construction site should be stacked neatly and stably, and super-high is strictly prohibited
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The stacking height of formwork, steel pipe, timber, block, etc
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shall not be greater than 2m, the stacking height of reinforcement shall not be greater than 1.2m, and the stacking materials shall be fixed
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2
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The temporary structure of building construction should follow the principle of design before construction, and the safety technology analysis should be carried out to ensure its overall stability under the design conditions
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3
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When stacking building materials, formwork, small construction machines and tools or other materials on the floor, roof and other structures, the stacking quantity and weight shall be controlled, and it is strictly prohibited to exceed the original design load, and reinforcement can be carried out when necessary
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4
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In the process of slope, foundation pit, digging pile and other underground operations, the information construction method should be adopted in the construction of earthwork excavation and supporting structure, and the dynamic design method should be adopted by the design unit, and the construction method and risk prevention measures should be adjusted in time according to the actual situation
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5
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The temporary drainage system in the construction area shall be planned on the construction site, and the temporary drainage shall not damage the side slope of earth excavation and filling
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When excavating in the section with complex terrain and geological conditions, landslide and collapse may occur, the drainage scheme shall be determined
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In case of surface water confluence, drainage or underground water pipe leakage around the site, organized water plugging, drainage and drainage measures shall be taken, and protection measures shall be taken for foundation pit
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6
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When excavating the foundation pit and pile hole which is lower than the groundwater level, the dewatering measures should be reasonably selected to reduce the groundwater level, and the special construction scheme for dewatering should be prepared
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7
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The materials on the construction site should not be stacked at the edge of foundation pit, top of slope and pile hole
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When stacking is required, the weight and distance of stacking should meet the design requirements
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The distance between all kinds of construction machinery and the edge of foundation pit, slope top and pile hole shall be determined according to the design requirements according to the weight of equipment, supporting structure and soil quality, and shall not be less than 1.5m
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8
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Effective lateral temporary support measures shall be taken during and after the steel bar binding of vertical concrete members with height over 2m and before the installation of side formwork
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9
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During the reinforcement construction of concrete components such as thick raft, floor slab and roof slab, the stable positioning and supporting parts for fixing the reinforcement shall be set, and the materials stacked on the upper reinforcement net shall not be overloaded
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10
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It is strictly forbidden to stack materials on all kinds of safety protection sheds, and it is strictly forbidden to get on the roof during use
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