Abstract: building fire-proof materials directly affect the safety of buildings, people’s life and property safety, social stability will also be affected
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Based on this, this paper will briefly introduce the classification and representative of building fire-proof materials, and deeply discuss the specific application of fire-proof materials in building construction with examples, in order to bring some inspiration to relevant practitioners
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Key words: building construction; Fire resistant materials; Fire retardant coating; In order to adapt to the development trend of large-scale, large-scale and modern buildings, the performance and quality of building fire-proof materials in China have been continuously improved in recent years, the technical standards have been constantly updated, and all kinds of new building fire-proof materials are constantly emerging
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In order to ensure that the fire-proof materials serve the construction engineering better, this paper carries out specific research on the application of fire-proof materials in construction
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2 classification of building fireproof materials 2.1 as an important category of fireproof materials, inorganic composite board is widely used in China’s construction field with its excellent fireproof performance
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The cost of inorganic composite board is relatively low, and the raw materials used are relatively common and easy to obtain, so its cost advantage is more prominent, and its application and promotion value is higher
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Inorganic composite board is easy to form, with the advantages of stable performance and wide application
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Floating bead board, vermiculite board, perlite board, glass wool board, mineral wool board, magnesium oxychloride inorganic fireproof board are common inorganic composite boards [1]
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2.2 as a kind of porous silicate board, the main raw materials of aerated concrete block and board include siliceous material, calcium material, water and aluminum powder, which can be finally formed by mixing with water, casting molding, gas expansion, steel mesh insertion, pre curing cutting and maintenance treatment
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Aerated concrete block and board have excellent characteristics of heat insulation, sound insulation, light weight and fire prevention, which can be better used in building fire prevention construction
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2.3 fireproof gypsum block is a kind of gypsum based building material
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The main raw materials of fireproof gypsum block are gypsum, aggregate, water and regulating materials, which are made by mixing, pouring and hardening, and building gypsum is used as binder
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In building construction, fireproof gypsum block can be used in roof, ceiling, partition wall and other places
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Because it contains crystal water and its basic composition is incombustible, fireproof gypsum block has excellent fire resistance performance, and its lighter self weight also makes it have higher application value
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Fireproof gypsum block is rich in material sources, easy to process, easy to construct, easy to decorate, and can achieve factory standardized production, which can be better used in building fire prevention construction [2]
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2.4 microcrystalline foam ceramics as a new type of high-tech insulation and fireproof materials, the main raw materials of microcrystalline foam ceramics are coal gangue, fly ash, shale, slate, clay, construction waste, tailings slag and other industrial solid waste, and a small amount of additional chemical additives, including foaming agents and cosolvent, the production process includes batching, mixing, stirring, grinding, granulation, molding, High temperature calcination, cutting molding
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The microcrystalline foam ceramic is a class of fireproof and thermal insulation material
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It has the advantages of fireproof, non thermal, heat insulation, sound insulation, waterproof and moisture proof, economical and beautiful, safe and harmless, easy to process, easy to construct and light weight
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It can meet the needs of domestic construction market and has a broad application potential
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2.5 according to the fire resistance performance, the building fire-proof glass can be divided into three categories: A, B and C, which meet the requirements of fire insulation and fire integrity at the same time, the requirements of heat radiation intensity and fire integrity at the same time, and the requirements of fire integrity at the same time
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According to the fire resistance rating, three types of building fire-proof glass can be divided into grade I, grade II, grade III and grade IV, namely ≥ 90min, ≥ 60min, ≥ 45min and ≥ 30min
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In the specific application of building fire-proof glass, the requirements of “safety glass for building fire-proof glass” (gb15763.1-2009) must be strictly followed
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2.6 as a kind of fire-retardant material, fire-retardant coating has excellent flame-retardant effect, and is widely used in the field of construction, which can play a good fire-retardant effect
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By coating fire retardant coating on the surface of combustible base material, the surface flammability of the coated material can be greatly reduced, and the speed of fire spread can also be effectively slowed down under the action of fire retardant coating
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Fire retardant coating can also be applied on the surface of structural materials, and the fire resistance limit of components can be improved
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According to the category, fire retardant coatings can be divided into non model fire retardant coatings, model fireproof coatings, new nano composite fire retardant coatings and organic inorganic combined fire retardant coatings
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For example, SiO2 aerogels belong to the new type of nano composite fire retardant coatings
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The material has the advantages of non inflammable fire, low thermal conductivity and environmental protection
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[3] 2.7 in recent years, new fireproof materials have made rapid progress in the field of building fire protection, and a large number of new types of building fireproof materials have emerged, such as new flame retardants, new polymer lightweight fireproof materials
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Zry natural fiber flame retardant is a typical new type of flame retardant
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This kind of flame retardant does not have corrosiveness, toxicity and peculiar smell
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It can be used for the flame retardant treatment of cotton fabric, cotton linen fabric and particleboard, and has excellent flame retardant effect
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Zry natural fiber flame retardant will not burn in case of fire, so the spread of fire can be restrained; Rock wool, glass wool and aluminum silicate fiber all belong to the category of new high polymer lightweight fireproof materials
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Rock wool is made of high-temperature molten natural rock with low thermal conductivity
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It can be used as heat insulation board and fireproof components with high melting point
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Rock wool has excellent high temperature shrinkage resistance, and can be used as a fire barrier in buildings to effectively inhibit the spread of fire, And this process will not burn and emit toxic gas
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Glass wool has light bulk density and excellent heat insulation performance
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Its raw materials mainly include natural ores such as wax stone, quartz sand and dolomite, which can play the role of cold insulation and heat insulation in construction engineering
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Glass wool felt and glass wool board can be used for building fire prevention construction
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Aluminum silicate fiber is a kind of inorganic fiber refractory material with cotton filaments
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It has high compressive strength, small thermal conductivity, convenient construction and can be reused
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It can be used to make ceiling plate and core material of fire door
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3 specific application of fire-resistant materials in building construction 3.1 case overview taking a data center located in the basement as the research object, based on the fire protection design specification, the data center should reach tier4 level (TIA-942 standard for data center construction), and the fire compartment should be set according to the module layout
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The data center has many characteristics, such as many partition parts, complex and relatively concentrated pipelines crisscross, and difficult to achieve masonry plugging
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Based on the design specifications, the importance of the computer room module and the specific fire protection requirements, the fire-proof coating, fire-proof sealant and coating board are used for the fire-proof sealing of the data center, so the fire resistance limit of the partition wall of the fire compartment can be met
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With the segmented construction method, the construction problems of the dense pipeline parts can also be solved
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The application of fire-proof materials in this project has high reference value
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3.2 fire blocking construction site in the fire blocking construction of data center, the dense underground machine room pipelines pose a higher challenge to the construction
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For example, the room area with multi-layer pipelines is one of the representatives, and the simple masonry method can not meet the actual needs
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Once a fire occurs, the smoke and fire will quickly spread in the pipeline gap, Therefore, effective plugging is very important for the pipeline parts of fire compartment
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The object of fireproof sealing is the gap left by pipeline, bridge through wall and floor
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After the regional fire, fireproof sealing can ensure that the fire will not spread to other areas within the time specified in the fire acceptance code and design code
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Expansion, heat absorption and heat insulation are the main principles of fireproof sealing
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Therefore, fireproof sealing can buy valuable time for firefighters to put out the fire, At the same time, reduce the fire loss as much as possible.
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