Building curtain wall is a kind of building envelope which integrates building technology, building function and building art
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It is the advanced exterior decoration of today’s buildings
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It is widely used in multi-storey and high-rise buildings because of its unique color, light, shadow and changeable shape
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Building curtain wall is a project with high degree of technical complexity
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There are many factors affecting the construction safety of curtain wall, and the construction safety risk is large
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In order to ensure the construction safety of building curtain wall, effective safety technical measures and management measures must be taken to minimize the risk
.
1
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The characteristics of building curtain wall construction
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There are many similarities between the safety management of building curtain wall construction and the safety management of general building engineering construction, but there are also many differences, which are determined by the particularity of building curtain wall construction technology
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1.1 regional and mobile management characteristics building curtain wall construction belongs to building engineering construction, so the construction sites will be scattered in different areas, or different sites in the same area, or different unit projects in the same site or different parts of the same unit project, so its safety management is bound to be restricted by different internal and external environmental conditions in different areas (or sites)
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Therefore, the formulation of safety technical measures and all kinds of safety disclosure have certain regional color and liquidity characteristics
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1.2 there are many outdoor operations and external scaffolding operations
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The building curtain wall is the enclosure structure of the building, and its setting is on the facade of the building
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This determines that the construction of building curtain wall is open-air operation and the characteristics of external scaffold operation
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In addition, the construction of building curtain wall is the last step of building facade construction
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After long-term exposure to the sun and rain and long-term use of various construction operations in front of the project, the external scaffold used in the project will have more potential accidents
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1.3 with the development of high-rise and super high-rise buildings, more and more lifting scaffolds are used in construction
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However, the use of lifting scaffold can not carry out the construction of building curtain wall
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In this case, the construction unit often uses the hanging basket for the construction of building curtain wall
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In addition, the maintenance of the building curtain wall also needs to use the hanging basket for work
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The risk of hanging basket operation is greater, which requires the construction enterprise to develop a sound management system, construction scheme and safety operation procedures, and strengthen the inspection in the daily management to eliminate the potential accidents in time
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2
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Main objects of safety precautions for curtain wall construction 2.1 site safety, fire prevention, oxygen cutting, electric welding and polishing are the main processes of curtain wall construction, which are prone to produce sparks
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Moreover, some materials of curtain wall, such as paint, organic filler and chemical additives, are mostly combustible materials, On site fire safety is an important object of building curtain wall construction safety
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Special attention should be paid to the following matters: 1
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Strengthen the fire management of the construction site
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It is necessary to strictly implement the examination and approval system for using open fire in dangerous sites
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Oxygen and acetylene cylinders should not be mixed
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During welding operation, a supervisor should be assigned, necessary fire-fighting equipment should be provided, and non combustible material plates should be used to cover the welding points
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Meanwhile, combustible materials around the welding points should be cleaned to prevent welding beads from splashing
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(2) strengthen the management of power consumption on the construction site
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It is necessary to appoint an electrician who has passed the examination of the competent department of construction and obtained the operation qualification certificate of special operation personnel for construction, install and maintain the electrical equipment reasonably according to the regulations, regularly check the operation of electrical lines and electrical equipment, and focus on whether the line joints are in good condition, whether there are safety devices, whether there are short-circuit heating, insulation damage, etc; Whether there are inflammables around the electrical equipment, especially whether the electrical equipment and lamps in the dangerous goods warehouse meet the explosion-proof requirements
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(3) strengthen the management of transportation and storage of oxygen, acetylene and other flammable and explosive materials
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During transportation, the packing should be tight and placed stably to avoid collision; A special warehouse shall be set up for storage
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It is required to keep at least a distance from other buildings
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Excessive storage is not allowed
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At the same time, a special person shall be assigned to be responsible for receiving, sending and registering
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2.2 as the main facilities of curtain wall construction, the grid safety scaffold plays a very important role in the construction safety production management, and 50% of the falling accidents are from the scaffold
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Therefore, to ensure the construction safety of scaffold system is one of the important work of construction site safety management
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There must be a special safety technical scheme and enough operation space for the erection and dismantling of external scaffold
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At the same time, the scaffold must be equipped with bottom net, and no sundries shall be piled up on each layer of grid and platform
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The whole scaffold shall meet the requirements of building code for safe use
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When removing the scaffold of the external wall, the corresponding warning area shall be delimited, the passage of others shall be prohibited, and a special person shall be assigned to supervise, and it is strictly forbidden to remove the scaffold up and down at the same time
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The safety management of scaffolding matters needing attention are as follows: (1) the scaffold erector must be the construction scaffolder who has passed the examination and obtained the special operation qualification certificate issued by the construction administrative department at or above the provincial level
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(2) scaffold erection personnel must wear safety helmet, safety belt and anti-skid shoes
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Abide by the six disciplines of production safety
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(3) the quality of components and erection of scaffold shall be checked and accepted according to the standard before use
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(4) the construction load on the working layer shall meet the design requirements, and shall not be overloaded
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Formwork support, cable wind rope, pumping concrete equipment, etc
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shall not be fixed on the scaffold, and hoisting equipment shall not be suspended
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(5) in case of gale above level 6 and weather of fog, rain and snow, scaffold erection and demolition shall be stopped
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(6) during the use of the scaffold, the connection of the rod setting, the structure of the wall connecting parts, supports, door opening trusses, etc
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shall be checked regularly to see if they meet the requirements; Whether there is water in the foundation, whether the base is loose, and whether the vertical pole is suspended; Whether the fastener is loose; Verticality deviation of scaffold; Whether the safety protection measures meet the requirements and overload
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The hidden danger must be rectified in time
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(7) during the use of scaffold, it is strictly forbidden to remove the longitudinal and transverse horizontal poles, sweeping poles and wall connecting pieces at the main node
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(8) excavation operation shall not be carried out at the scaffold foundation and adjacent places, otherwise safety protection measures shall be taken
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(9) when carrying out electric and gas welding on the scaffold, there must be fire prevention measures and special personnel to take care of it and do a good job in fire management
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When erecting and dismantling scaffolds, fences and warning signs shall be set on the ground, and special personnel shall be assigned to guard
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Non operators are strictly prohibited to enter
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2.3 the safety curtain wall decoration engineering construction of high-altitude operation, the vast majority belong to the edge of high-altitude operation, and throughout the whole process of curtain wall construction
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How to prevent falling from height and object strike is the key point of safety protection in curtain wall decoration construction
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Safety belt must be fastened when working at height, and construction after drinking is strictly prohibited
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When conducting electric, gas welding or cutting operations at high places, preventive measures must be taken to prevent welding slag from flying down and cutting objects from falling down
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Portable tools and welding rods should be put in special leather bags, and combustible materials below should be cleaned or strict safety protection measures should be taken
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After the tower crane is installed on site, it can only be used after passing the acceptance of relevant departments
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In case of heavy fog, heavy rain and gale above level 6, it is forbidden to work at height
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It is forbidden to throw objects downward, and pedestrians are forbidden to pass under the construction face
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2.4 safety of electricity and machinery in construction, it should be strictly implemented in technical code for safety of temporary electricity on construction site (JGJ46-2005): 1
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Each electrical equipment must have its own special switch box
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It is strictly forbidden to use the same switch box to directly control two or more electrical equipment (including sockets)
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(2) the rated leakage action current of the leakage protector in the switch box shall not be greater than 30mA, and the rated leakage action time shall not be greater than 0.1s.
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