The source of the shed: China According to the history and theory of ancient architecture and gardens, the structural drawing of the great forked hand roof truss of Anthropology and ethnology research society @ fennessey has been redrawn
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Because of less columns and large span, the beam lifting timber frame can create a large open space, which can better reflect the majestic momentum of the interior of the building
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In addition, Mr
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” Beam lifting frame painting / Zhou Yang the original beam lifting style is like this, but it has experienced a long evolution
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However, the beam lifting timber frame will use a large number of beams, resulting in more wood consumption, requiring a large number of whole timber as the roof support, and because it does not form a triangular structure, the overall stability of the beam lifting timber frame is still insufficient Photo / @ fennessey the second type / through the bucket style is to string the columns to form a (P ǐ n) frame
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The main feature is that the whole structure has high integrity
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So in the Han Dynasty, we had prefabricated and assembled Han Dynasty
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Therefore, the bucket can not satisfy the large space needs such as palaces, temples and so on, which requires many people to kneel down and gather
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People wear wooden materials with less bucket and can be assembled into integral roof frames before installation
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Due to the different arrangement of columns and beams, there are the following five types: 1
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The history can even be traced back to the Neolithic shed
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This is the beginning of the ground building wooden frame
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It is widely used in palaces, temples, monasteries and other large buildings, and it is also the preferred form of Royal buildings
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In Liu Dunzhen’s “history of ancient Chinese architecture”, beam lifting type is defined as “along the depth of the house” A group of wooden frames is formed by erecting columns on the stone foundation, erecting beams on the columns, overlapping several layers of melon columns and beams on the beams, and erecting ridge melon columns on the top beams
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In 1970, Mr
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With the accumulation of time and the progress of construction technology, the beam lifting structure has been gradually formed
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It is the representative of wooden frame buildings
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It is convenient for construction, strong in network structure and strong in overall toughness
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How many kinds of ancient Chinese wooden frames are there? In 1957, Mr
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Beam lifting style can be regarded as the “big brother” in the three forms, with a wide range of applications
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The official account of China’s traditional dwellings, the wooden bucket of the official account, is the wooden bucket of the Chinese traditional residence
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However, because of the large number of columns and beams, the indoor space is not connected
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Between the two groups of parallel wooden frames, the transverse brace is used to connect the upper end of the column, and a number of purlins at right angles to the frame are arranged on the beam head and ridge melon column of each floor
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Liu Zhiping divided the wooden frames into two forms in his book “types and structures of Chinese architecture”: through bucket type and frame beam type
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The most significant difference is that only palaces, temples and other high-grade buildings are allowed Installation of brackets is the common picture of Taihe hall, a large type of building
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The columns are all on the ground, connected by full-length beams, and each column is equipped with a purlin, which is more common in Sichuan and other places The last one is on the Fang
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The painting / Zhou Yang’s “history of ancient Chinese architecture” by Liu Dunzhen defines the “through the bucket style” as “the column along the depth direction of the house, but the direction of the column The spacing is relatively close, the columns directly bear the weight of purlin, instead of overhead beam lifting, several layers of “through” through the columns to form a group of frame The bucket type frame is the official account of wood
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The picture is from the official account
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These purlins not only arrange rafters to bear the weight of the roof, but also have the function of connecting with the frame
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Schematic drawing / fennessey | it is still the alternate use of long column and non falling column, and the columns are still connected by a full-length brace, but the melon column only passes through one brace and forks over the next brace, and the length of the melon column is equal
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Liu Dunzhen changed “frame beam” to “lift beam” in his book “history of ancient Chinese architecture”
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Liu Dunzhen pointed out that ancient Chinese wooden frames were different The form is: well dry type, beam lifting type, bucket type the first / beam lifting type simply speaking, beam lifting type is to erect beams on columns, and then lift beams on beams
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The wooden bucket with bucket type has been quite mature in the Han Dynasty
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The purlin is directly placed on the column head, and then the columns are connected in series along the purlin direction to form a roof truss through the bucket style
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The wood man lifting beam application is so extensive that it relies not only on “face value” but also on “strength”
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In the Qin and Han Dynasties, the shed developed the “big fork hand” structure, which is the predecessor of the beam lifting style
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The usage of pillar and melon pillar in schematic drawing / fennessey is the same as the third, but the full-length cross brace is no longer used between pillars, but the short brace is used between every two pillars, which is more used in Hunan and Guangxi
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Schematic drawing / fennessey column with herringbone inclined beam, purlin on the inclined beam, this method reduces the number of columns, but the use of form is very few.
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Due to the existence of Chinese feudal social hierarchy, there are many differences in the combination and materials of the beam lifting wood frame
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