The door has an opening direction in the plan, while the window has no opening direction.
Therefore, we must learn the method of drawing recognition in order to get twice the result with half the effort.
As a specific and operator, it is not necessary and impossible to remember all the dimensions on the drawing.
Here are some basic map recognition methods.
Many drawings must be used to express the practices and requirements of a certain part from different aspects.
Whether the axis is in the center or off center on the wall, which floor is in the center and which floor is off center, must be clarified so as not to cause axis errors; So as not to mistake all axes as the center line.
This can deepen the understanding of the design drawings, facilitate the construction operation, and reduce or avoid construction errors.
Only by understanding the characteristics of a project can we better and comprehensively understand the design drawings and ensure the special needs of the project.
This is the basic foundation and standard of Generally speaking, the main relationships between drawings are as follows: the axis is the benchmark, and the number should be consistent; The elevation shall be crossed and the height shall be equal; See the location of the section, and see the detailed index for details; If the standard drawing is used, the outgoing line shall be marked; Requirements and practices, take the instructions quickly; Civil engineering and installation, clearing holes, ditches and grooves; Refer to relevant drawings for materials and standards; Buildings and structures should be compared before and after.
For example, “the door is opened from the inside to the outside, the axis is centered by the center, the direction is southeast and northwest, and the wall thickness is a few bricks”.
Because a drawing cannot express the specific dimensions, practices and requirements of each part of a project in detail.
The plan of general buildings shall conform to the law of upper North, lower south, left West and right east.
However, there are many dimensions on the drawing.
The following tables are common in construction drawings.
Generally, the following aspects should be grasped.
Therefore, clarifying the relationship between each drawing is an important link in looking at the drawing and a basic measure to find problems and reduce or avoid errors.
Civil buildings have different characteristics due to different functions.
Only step by step can we understand the design intention and understand the design drawings, that is to say, generally we should “read the instructions first and then the drawings; the sequence should be flat, vertical and cross-sectional; check the nodes and detail drawings; compare and read the building structure”, so as to get twice the result with half the effort.
of the main components and accessories.
If there are no specific dimensions such as length, width, height and diameter on the drawing, the construction personnel can’t construct according to the drawing.
The wall thickness of each axis and each part should also be carefully checked.
(6) The chart refers to a complete construction drawing, including not only various drawings, but also various tables.
① The key in the plan: some errors often occur in construction have certain commonalities.
The orientation of the house must be clear.
It clearly stipulates what kind of building to build, and specifies the shape, size, practice and technical requirements.
In addition to more contact with the drawings of this type of work, sometimes it is necessary to read the drawings in combination with the whole project drawings in order to make circle cooperation and avoid mistakes.
① Indoor and outdoor practice table It mainly explains the specific methods of indoor and outdoor parts, such as how to do the outdoor plinth, how to do the ground of a room, etc..
If the acid treatment workshop has acid resistance requirements for walls and floors, different treatment methods should be adopted; The precision instrument workshop has different dust-proof, constant temperature and humidity requirements for doors, windows and walls.
(1) After getting a drawing step by step, you should first look at what drawing, and then look at what drawing.
There should be primary and secondary, generally in the following order: ① First, carefully read the design description, understand the general situation, location, elevation, material requirements, quality standards, construction precautions and some special technical requirements of the building, and form a preliminary impression in thought; ② Then we should look at the plan to understand the plane shape, bay, depth, column grid size of the house, the arrangement and traffic arrangement of various rooms, as well as the position of doors and windows, so as to form a plane concept of the building and lay a good foundation for looking at the elevation and section drawings; ③ Look at the elevation to understand the changes in the orientation, number and height of the building, as well as the requirements for doors, windows and exterior decoration; ④ Look at the profile to roughly understand the elevation changes and indoor conditions of each part of the profile; ⑤ Finally, look at the structural drawing to understand the relationship between architectural drawings such as plan, elevation and section drawings and structural drawings, so as to deepen the understanding of the whole project; ⑥ In addition, the detailed drawing or node drawing must be read in detail according to the index symbols in the plan, elevation, section, etc., so as to achieve the combination of thickness and detail and the intersection of size.
(2) As a, remember the size Although there are all kinds of construction projects, they all have different shapes and effects through the change of the size of each part.
Therefore, there is a close relationship between each drawing of a construction drawing.
(3) Clarify the relationship When looking at the drawings, we must make clear the relationship between each drawing.
(4) Grasp the key when looking at the construction drawing, we must grasp the key in each drawing.
Therefore, when you are familiar with each construction drawing, you must understand the characteristics and requirements of the project, including the following aspects: ① Treatment scheme of foundation and technical standards required; ② Treatment requirements for special parts; ③ Quality standards for materials or technical requirements for special materials; ④ Parts requiring attention or prone to problems; ⑤ Special construction technology of new technology, new structure and new materials; ⑥ Some technical indexes and special requirements proposed in the design; ⑦ Key parts in the structure; ⑧ Requirements and materials for indoor and outdoor decoration.
② In the elevation view, the elevation dimensions of door and window openings must be mastered so that errors will not occur when erecting leather poles and reserving window sills.
Only by grasping the key can we grasp the key and make fewer mistakes.
④ In the structural drawing, the design requirements, specific size, location, connection relationship and materials of foundation, wall, beam, column, plate and roof system shall be mastered.
When looking at the drawing, we must take the axis number and position in the plan as the benchmark to achieve: “there are drawings in hand, axes in mind, thousands of heads and threads, and not offline everywhere”.
③ In the section drawing, the floor elevation and roof elevation shall be mastered.
It can be determined only by checking the detail drawing.
The practices and requirements of these different parts are the overall picture of a complete building.
Generally speaking, we should keep the following dimensions in mind: remember the depth of the Bay, and don’t forget the length and width dimensions; Remember that the floor height and total height are very important; Remember the structural dimensions and make sure the component model is correct; The foundation size is the key, and the structural strength cannot be less; The beam column section shall be recorded firmly, and the door and window openings shall be reserved.
For example, which wall is a brick and which wall is half brick thick, we must not make a mistake.
As the saying goes, “no rules, no radius”.
Some also need to master the indoor opening, internal door elevation, floor practice, roof insulation and waterproof practice through the section drawing.
For more highlights, please click the blue word above to follow us! The construction drawing is the basis for building the house and the “language of the project”.
If there is a North compass on the drawing, the North compass shall prevail, and if there is no North compass, the orientation on the general plan and general description shall prevail.
For example, for cinemas, due to special requirements for acoustics, there are different treatment methods and technical requirements on the ceiling and wall.
These tables specifically summarize the practices, sizes, specifications and models of each subdivisional project, which are an integral part of the construction drawings.
(5) Understand characteristics Industrial buildings have different characteristics in design and construction to meet different production process requirements.
However, we must keep in mind some of the main dimensions of the building, the specifications, models, locations, quantities, etc.
